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Saudi ADHD Research

Below is a curated list of published studies related to different aspects of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Saudi Arabia, including prevalence, awareness, diagnosis, language and communication, and review articles.

Additional studies from Saudi Arabia, including topics not featured on this page, are available in the research library. We also maintain a list of ADHD-related theses that have been made available online. If you would like your research featured here, or know of any publications in or about ADHD in KSA that you believe should be included here, please get in touch by email at research @ adhd.org.sa.

Note: Unless specifically stated, these studies were neither conducted by nor supported by the Saudi ADHD Society, and are provided as a resource for researchers only.

Review Articles

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Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Open Access | CC BY 4.0 | |
Authors:

Cureus

10.7759/cureus.35967

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children and is described as a disease involving loss of self-control. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor unrest. Furthermore, poor concentration, distraction, hyperactivity, and poor academic achievement at school or at home are other symptoms. ADHD, like other prevalent medical disorders such as asthma and schizophrenia, may be impacted by several genes and has multiple contributing causes that are not all related to each other. The management of ADHD contains multimodal treatments, starting with psycho-education for parents and the child or adolescent patient in an age-appropriate manner called cognitive behavioral therapy. The worldwide prevalence rate of ADHD among children is 7.2% and, in some countries, can be higher and reach 15.5%; studies show the average prevalence of ADHD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 9.2%.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 among children who live in Makkah between the ages of 4 and 14 years old via an online survey that contained the ADHD Rating Scale-IV for parents/teachers, and caregivers based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. The scale was translated into Arabic and contains 18 questions about ADHD symptoms.

Result: The overall prevalence of combined ADHD among children in Makkah is 52.5% (n=203 out of 387); most of them were males (30.8%) and 21.7% were females (P=0.09), and most of the combined ADHD prevalence was between the ages of 11 and 14 (20.4%), then the age of 4-7 (16.8%), and 15.3% of them were between 8 and 10 years old. Additionally, the results show a higher prevalence of combined ADHD in Makkah city (33.1%) (n=121) in comparison to rural areas 19.4% (n=82) (P=0.132).

Conclusion: The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence rate of ADHD in the Makkah region. The study showed a high prevalence rate of ADHD (52.5%) among children in Makkah; the study was carried out online using an ADHD scale, and more accurate results could be found by using face-to-face interviews and including both parents and teachers.

Keywords

children, saudi arabia, makkah region, prevalence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)

Citation

[research_citation style="APA" pubtype="journal" authors="Ziyad S Al-Saedi,Abdulrahman M Alharbi,Abdulkareem M Nmnkany,Bandar K Alzubaidi,Abed N Alansari,Mohammed Alhuzali,Mokhtar M Shatla," year="2023" title="Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia" volume="15" issue="3" journal="Cureus" shortjournal="Cureus" startpage="1" endpage="5" articlenum="" doi="10.7759/cureus.35967"]

Prevalence

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Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Open Access | CC BY 4.0 | |
Authors:

Cureus

10.7759/cureus.35967

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children and is described as a disease involving loss of self-control. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor unrest. Furthermore, poor concentration, distraction, hyperactivity, and poor academic achievement at school or at home are other symptoms. ADHD, like other prevalent medical disorders such as asthma and schizophrenia, may be impacted by several genes and has multiple contributing causes that are not all related to each other. The management of ADHD contains multimodal treatments, starting with psycho-education for parents and the child or adolescent patient in an age-appropriate manner called cognitive behavioral therapy. The worldwide prevalence rate of ADHD among children is 7.2% and, in some countries, can be higher and reach 15.5%; studies show the average prevalence of ADHD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 9.2%.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 among children who live in Makkah between the ages of 4 and 14 years old via an online survey that contained the ADHD Rating Scale-IV for parents/teachers, and caregivers based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. The scale was translated into Arabic and contains 18 questions about ADHD symptoms.

Result: The overall prevalence of combined ADHD among children in Makkah is 52.5% (n=203 out of 387); most of them were males (30.8%) and 21.7% were females (P=0.09), and most of the combined ADHD prevalence was between the ages of 11 and 14 (20.4%), then the age of 4-7 (16.8%), and 15.3% of them were between 8 and 10 years old. Additionally, the results show a higher prevalence of combined ADHD in Makkah city (33.1%) (n=121) in comparison to rural areas 19.4% (n=82) (P=0.132).

Conclusion: The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence rate of ADHD in the Makkah region. The study showed a high prevalence rate of ADHD (52.5%) among children in Makkah; the study was carried out online using an ADHD scale, and more accurate results could be found by using face-to-face interviews and including both parents and teachers.

Keywords

children, saudi arabia, makkah region, prevalence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)

Citation

[research_citation style="APA" pubtype="journal" authors="Ziyad S Al-Saedi,Abdulrahman M Alharbi,Abdulkareem M Nmnkany,Bandar K Alzubaidi,Abed N Alansari,Mohammed Alhuzali,Mokhtar M Shatla," year="2023" title="Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia" volume="15" issue="3" journal="Cureus" shortjournal="Cureus" startpage="1" endpage="5" articlenum="" doi="10.7759/cureus.35967"]

Awareness and Attitudes

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Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Open Access | CC BY 4.0 | |
Authors:

Cureus

10.7759/cureus.35967

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children and is described as a disease involving loss of self-control. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor unrest. Furthermore, poor concentration, distraction, hyperactivity, and poor academic achievement at school or at home are other symptoms. ADHD, like other prevalent medical disorders such as asthma and schizophrenia, may be impacted by several genes and has multiple contributing causes that are not all related to each other. The management of ADHD contains multimodal treatments, starting with psycho-education for parents and the child or adolescent patient in an age-appropriate manner called cognitive behavioral therapy. The worldwide prevalence rate of ADHD among children is 7.2% and, in some countries, can be higher and reach 15.5%; studies show the average prevalence of ADHD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 9.2%.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 among children who live in Makkah between the ages of 4 and 14 years old via an online survey that contained the ADHD Rating Scale-IV for parents/teachers, and caregivers based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. The scale was translated into Arabic and contains 18 questions about ADHD symptoms.

Result: The overall prevalence of combined ADHD among children in Makkah is 52.5% (n=203 out of 387); most of them were males (30.8%) and 21.7% were females (P=0.09), and most of the combined ADHD prevalence was between the ages of 11 and 14 (20.4%), then the age of 4-7 (16.8%), and 15.3% of them were between 8 and 10 years old. Additionally, the results show a higher prevalence of combined ADHD in Makkah city (33.1%) (n=121) in comparison to rural areas 19.4% (n=82) (P=0.132).

Conclusion: The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence rate of ADHD in the Makkah region. The study showed a high prevalence rate of ADHD (52.5%) among children in Makkah; the study was carried out online using an ADHD scale, and more accurate results could be found by using face-to-face interviews and including both parents and teachers.

Keywords

children, saudi arabia, makkah region, prevalence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)

Citation

[research_citation style="APA" pubtype="journal" authors="Ziyad S Al-Saedi,Abdulrahman M Alharbi,Abdulkareem M Nmnkany,Bandar K Alzubaidi,Abed N Alansari,Mohammed Alhuzali,Mokhtar M Shatla," year="2023" title="Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia" volume="15" issue="3" journal="Cureus" shortjournal="Cureus" startpage="1" endpage="5" articlenum="" doi="10.7759/cureus.35967"]

Diagnosis

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Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Open Access | CC BY 4.0 | |
Authors:

Cureus

10.7759/cureus.35967

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children and is described as a disease involving loss of self-control. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor unrest. Furthermore, poor concentration, distraction, hyperactivity, and poor academic achievement at school or at home are other symptoms. ADHD, like other prevalent medical disorders such as asthma and schizophrenia, may be impacted by several genes and has multiple contributing causes that are not all related to each other. The management of ADHD contains multimodal treatments, starting with psycho-education for parents and the child or adolescent patient in an age-appropriate manner called cognitive behavioral therapy. The worldwide prevalence rate of ADHD among children is 7.2% and, in some countries, can be higher and reach 15.5%; studies show the average prevalence of ADHD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 9.2%.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 among children who live in Makkah between the ages of 4 and 14 years old via an online survey that contained the ADHD Rating Scale-IV for parents/teachers, and caregivers based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. The scale was translated into Arabic and contains 18 questions about ADHD symptoms.

Result: The overall prevalence of combined ADHD among children in Makkah is 52.5% (n=203 out of 387); most of them were males (30.8%) and 21.7% were females (P=0.09), and most of the combined ADHD prevalence was between the ages of 11 and 14 (20.4%), then the age of 4-7 (16.8%), and 15.3% of them were between 8 and 10 years old. Additionally, the results show a higher prevalence of combined ADHD in Makkah city (33.1%) (n=121) in comparison to rural areas 19.4% (n=82) (P=0.132).

Conclusion: The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence rate of ADHD in the Makkah region. The study showed a high prevalence rate of ADHD (52.5%) among children in Makkah; the study was carried out online using an ADHD scale, and more accurate results could be found by using face-to-face interviews and including both parents and teachers.

Keywords

children, saudi arabia, makkah region, prevalence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)

Citation

[research_citation style="APA" pubtype="journal" authors="Ziyad S Al-Saedi,Abdulrahman M Alharbi,Abdulkareem M Nmnkany,Bandar K Alzubaidi,Abed N Alansari,Mohammed Alhuzali,Mokhtar M Shatla," year="2023" title="Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia" volume="15" issue="3" journal="Cureus" shortjournal="Cureus" startpage="1" endpage="5" articlenum="" doi="10.7759/cureus.35967"]

Language & Communication

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Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Open Access | CC BY 4.0 | |
Authors:

Cureus

10.7759/cureus.35967

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children and is described as a disease involving loss of self-control. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor unrest. Furthermore, poor concentration, distraction, hyperactivity, and poor academic achievement at school or at home are other symptoms. ADHD, like other prevalent medical disorders such as asthma and schizophrenia, may be impacted by several genes and has multiple contributing causes that are not all related to each other. The management of ADHD contains multimodal treatments, starting with psycho-education for parents and the child or adolescent patient in an age-appropriate manner called cognitive behavioral therapy. The worldwide prevalence rate of ADHD among children is 7.2% and, in some countries, can be higher and reach 15.5%; studies show the average prevalence of ADHD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 9.2%.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 among children who live in Makkah between the ages of 4 and 14 years old via an online survey that contained the ADHD Rating Scale-IV for parents/teachers, and caregivers based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. The scale was translated into Arabic and contains 18 questions about ADHD symptoms.

Result: The overall prevalence of combined ADHD among children in Makkah is 52.5% (n=203 out of 387); most of them were males (30.8%) and 21.7% were females (P=0.09), and most of the combined ADHD prevalence was between the ages of 11 and 14 (20.4%), then the age of 4-7 (16.8%), and 15.3% of them were between 8 and 10 years old. Additionally, the results show a higher prevalence of combined ADHD in Makkah city (33.1%) (n=121) in comparison to rural areas 19.4% (n=82) (P=0.132).

Conclusion: The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence rate of ADHD in the Makkah region. The study showed a high prevalence rate of ADHD (52.5%) among children in Makkah; the study was carried out online using an ADHD scale, and more accurate results could be found by using face-to-face interviews and including both parents and teachers.

Keywords

children, saudi arabia, makkah region, prevalence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)

Citation

[research_citation style="APA" pubtype="journal" authors="Ziyad S Al-Saedi,Abdulrahman M Alharbi,Abdulkareem M Nmnkany,Bandar K Alzubaidi,Abed N Alansari,Mohammed Alhuzali,Mokhtar M Shatla," year="2023" title="Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia" volume="15" issue="3" journal="Cureus" shortjournal="Cureus" startpage="1" endpage="5" articlenum="" doi="10.7759/cureus.35967"]